Augur Internet Wide Detection of Connectrivitydisruptions Paper Review

Papers

Abstract. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the new generation facility for the ultra-high energy c... more Abstruse. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the new generation facility for the ultra-high free energy cosmic rays (UHECR, ≥ 1017 eV) studies. The projection aims at large aperture (> 7000 km2sr higher up 1019 eV) hybrid detection (combining air fluorescence and ground particle techniques) of the highest energy cosmic rays with the total-sky exposure (with 1 site per hemisphere). The Southern Auger Observatory in Argentina is nearing its completion. Get-go results on the UHECR anisotropies search, and on the energy spectrum are discussed. 1

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— Extensive simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic m... more — All-encompassing simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) have been performed, and the results are presented. The use of different available models of the large-calibration GMF and/or primary particle assumptions leads to distinctly different deflection patterns of the highest free energy cosmic rays (CR). The lensing effects of the Galactic field modify the exposure of an UHECR experiment to the extragalactic sky. To quantify these effects for the Pierre Auger experiment, we performed a correlation analysis of the imitation catholic ray event samples, backtracked from the Earth to the Galactic border, with the active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the 12th edition of the Véron-Cetty and Véron catalogue. Further forward-tracking studies under plausible UHECR sources scenarios are needed to allow for direct comparing with the observed correlation between the nearby AGN and the highest energy Auger events. I.

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Periodical of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

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The Astrophysical Journal

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Jon Paul Lundquist,1,∗ Lukas Merten,2 Serguei Vorobiov,ane Margot Boughelilba,2 Anita Reimer,ii Paol... more Jon Paul Lundquist,i,∗ Lukas Merten,2 Serguei Vorobiov,1 Margot Boughelilba,2 Anita Reimer,ii Paolo Da Vela,2 Fabrizio Tavecchio,three Giacomo Bonnoli4 and Chiara Righi3 1Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska thirteen, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia 2Institute for Astro and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Republic of austria 3Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italian republic 4Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apartado 3004, E-18080 Granada, Kingdom of spain E-mail: jplundquist@gmail.com

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arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies , 2009

All-encompassing simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic mag... more All-encompassing simulations of the ultra-loftier energy catholic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) take been performed, and the results are presented. The use of different available models of the big-scale GMF and/or primary particle assumptions leads to distinctly unlike deflection patterns of the highest energy cosmic rays (CR). The lensing effects of the Galactic field alter the exposure of an UHECR experiment to the extragalactic sky. To quantify these effects for the Pierre Auger experiment, we performed a correlation analysis of the imitation cosmic ray event samples, backtracked from the Globe to the Galactic border, with the agile galactic nuclei (AGN) from the 12th edition of the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron catalogue. Farther forward-tracking studies under plausible UHECR sources scenarios are needed to allow for direct comparison with the observed correlation between the nearby AGN and the highest free energy Auger events.

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The Astrophysical Journal , 2017

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... Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Opitz, B.; Orford, KJ; Ostrowski, One thousand.; Panter, Thousand.; Paz Arribas, M.; Pedalett... more than ... Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Opitz, B.; Orford, KJ; Ostrowski, Chiliad.; Panter, Grand.; Paz Arribas, One thousand.; Pedaletti, Thou.; Pelletier, M.; Petrucci, P.-O.; Pita, S.; Pühlhofer ... Recently, the release of the Fermi-LAT telescope 11-month catalog has confirmed a bright loftier-energy (HE) source (1FGL J1018.6-5856 ...

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arXiv: Astrophysics , 2008

This paper presents the highlights from the recent measurements of the energy spectrum, mass comp... more This paper presents the highlights from the recent measurements of the free energy spectrum, mass limerick, and arrival directions of the ultra-high free energy ($> x^{17}$ eV = 0.1 EeV) catholic rays (UHECR) by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The Auger hybrid detector combines fluorescence observations of the longitudinal profiles of extended air showers, initiated past these extremely energetic particles, with measures of the shower secondaries at the basis level by its large array of Cherenkov water tanks. The complementariness of the 2 techniques provides important cross-checks at the energies unreachable with accelerator experiments. The Pierre Auger experiment has observed a strong steepening of the cosmic ray flux to a higher place 40 EeV. A significant anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays has been established for events above $\simeq threescore$ EeV. These events correlate over athwart scales of less than 6$^\circ$ with the directions towards nearby ($D < 100$ Mpc) active galactic north...

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arXiv: Astrophysics , 2006

The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to determine the nature and origin of the ultra-high energy cos... more The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to make up one's mind the nature and origin of the ultra-loftier energy cosmic rays (UHECR). The Auger hybrid detector combines fluorescence observations of extended air showers, initiated in the atmosphere by these most energetic particles, with measures of the shower front at the ground level past its large array of Cherenkov water tanks. This allows to meliorate considerably the precision on reconstructed chief cosmic ray parameters, and to make of import cross-calibrations between two techniques at these energies, unreachable with accelerator experiments. The Southern Auger site in Argentine republic is close to completion. The first mensurate of the primary catholic rays energy spectrum, the anisotropy search results, and the limit on the photon fraction in the UHECR are discussed.

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Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Briefing — PoS(ICRC2021) , 2021

We present searches for ultra-high free energy (UHE) neutrinos (> 0.1EeV) with the Pierre Auger Obs... more than We nowadays searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos (> 0.1EeV) with the Pierre Auger Observatory, following up binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected past the LIGO and Virgo detectors via gravitational waves (GWs). In this work, the then-far published BBH mergers are combined as standard candles with a hypothetical isotropic UHE neutrino luminosity ! (C − C0) as a function of the time after the respective merger, C − C0. The UHE neutrino emission spectrum is causeless to follow a power law distribution ∝ −2 a . Using these assumptions, ! (C − C0) is probed, taking into account the instantaneous effective expanse of the Pierre Auger Observatory to UHE neutrinos and the 3D heaven localizations of the sources. No UHE neutrino candidates have been found and upper limits on ! (C − C0) are obtained for the hypothetical cases of emissions lasting 24 hours and sixty days after the merger, respectively. The respective upper limit on the total free energy per source emitted in UHE neutrinos does no...

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One of the crucial detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory is the fluorescence detector ... more One of the crucial detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory is the fluorescence detector composed of 27 big-aperture broad-angle Schmidt telescopes. In the past, these telescopes were absolutely calibrated past illuminating the whole aperture with a compatible large-diameter light source. This absolute calibration was performed roughly once every 3 years, while a relative calibration was performed on a nightly basis. In this contribution, a new technique for an absolute terminate-to-finish calibration of the fluorescence telescopes is presented. For this technique, a portable, calibrated light source mounted on a rail organization is moved across the aperture of each telescope instead of illuminating the whole aperture at one time. A dedicated setup using a combination of NIST traceable photodiodes to measure the hateful intensity and a PMT for pulse-to-pulse stability tracking has been built for the absolute calibration of the light source. Every bit a result of these complementary measurements, the pu...

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Fanaroff-Riley (FR) 0 radio galaxies form a low-luminosity extension to the well-established ultr... more than Fanaroff-Riley (FR) 0 radio galaxies form a low-luminosity extension to the well-established ultra-highenergy cosmic-ray (UHECR) candidate accelerators FR-one and FR-2 galaxies. Their much higher number density — up to a gene v times more than numerous than FR-1 with z ≤ 0.05 — makes them expert candidate sources for an isotropic contribution to the observed UHECR flux. Here, the dispatch and survival of UHECR in prevailing conditions of the FR-0 environment are discussed. First, an boilerplate spectral energy distribution (SED) is compiled based on the FR0CAT. These photon fields, composed of a jet and a host galaxy component, class a minimal target photon field for the UHECR, which volition suffer from electromagnetic pair production, photo-disintegration, photo-meson production losses, and synchrotron radiation. The two about promising acceleration scenarios based on Fermi-I order and gradual shear acceleration are discussed equally well as different escape scenarios. When an efficient accelera...

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Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and higher up are detectable with the Surfa... more Neutrinos in the cosmic ray flux with energies almost 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We study here on searches through Auger data from ane January 2004 until xx June 2013. No neutrino candidates were institute, yielding a limit to the lengthened flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall bound predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad fourth dimension structure of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at big zenith angles, equally well as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this paper the searches for down-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins lx°-75°and 75°-90°as well as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The 90% C.Fifty. single-flavour limit to the lengthened flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an E-2 spectrum in the ene...

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The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to d... more The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to find the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy density is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference betwixt the geomagnetic and charge excess emission components. The spatial integral over the betoken distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the principal catholic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a ane ...

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Given its operation time and broad field of view, the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Aug... more than Given its operation fourth dimension and wide field of view, the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sufficiently sensitive to detect upwards-going events when used in monocular mode. Upward-going air showers are a possible interpretation of the contempo events reported by the ANITA Collaboration in the energy range in a higher place 1017 eV. The Pierre Auger FD information can be used to support or constrain this interpretation. If confirmed, it would require either new phenomena or meaning modifications to the standard model of particle physics. To prepare this search, a set of quality pick criteria was divers past using ten% of the available FD data from 14 years of operation. This subset was mainly used to make clean the data from improperly labelled laser events that had been used to monitor the quality of the atmosphere. The potential background for this search consists of cosmic-ray induced air showers with specific geometric configurations which, in a monocular reconstruction, can...

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The Pierre Auger Collaboration... K.B. Hairdresser... J.A. Bellido... R.W. Clay... B.R. Dawson... V.C.... more The Pierre Auger Collaboration... Chiliad.B. Barber... J.A. Bellido... R.W. Dirt... B.R. Dawson... V.C. Holmes... J. Sorokin... P. Wahrlich... B.J. Whelan... M.G. Winnick... et al.

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At the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed primarily to study ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, pheno... more At the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed primarily to report ultra-loftier-energy cosmic rays, phenomena related to atmospheric electricity are also observed. Peculiarly, events have been detected with the surface detector, characterized by long-lasting signals (tens of microseconds) and effect footprints much larger (up to 200 km2) than those produced by the highest free energy cosmic rays. Moreover, some of them appear to be accompanied by smaller events occurring in the same area within about 1ms and probably produced by the same phenomenon. A previously reported correlation with the World Wide Lightning Location Network, also as the observation of very low-altitude clouds, ostend that such events are related to thunderstorms. An advertizing-hoc reconstruction points to high-free energy particles being produced very shut to the ground, suggesting that they originate from electrons accelerated to relativistic energies in strong electric fields within low clouds, as is the example for terrestrial gam...

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Abstruse. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the new generation facility for the ultra-high free energy c... more Abstract. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the new generation facility for the ultra-high energy catholic rays (UHECR, ≥ 1017 eV) studies. The project aims at large aperture (> 7000 km2sr higher up 1019 eV) hybrid detection (combining air fluorescence and footing particle techniques) of the highest free energy catholic rays with the full-sky exposure (with 1 site per hemisphere). The Southern Auger Observatory in Argentina is nearing its completion. First results on the UHECR anisotropies search, and on the free energy spectrum are discussed. 1

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— Extensive simulations of the ultra-loftier free energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic yard... more — Extensive simulations of the ultra-loftier energy cosmic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) have been performed, and the results are presented. The apply of unlike bachelor models of the large-scale GMF and/or principal particle assumptions leads to distinctly different deflection patterns of the highest energy cosmic rays (CR). The lensing effects of the Galactic field modify the exposure of an UHECR experiment to the extragalactic sky. To quantify these effects for the Pierre Auger experiment, we performed a correlation analysis of the fake catholic ray event samples, backtracked from the Globe to the Galactic border, with the active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the 12th edition of the Véron-Cetty and Véron catalogue. Further forrard-tracking studies under plausible UHECR sources scenarios are needed to allow for direct comparison with the observed correlation between the nearby AGN and the highest free energy Auger events. I.

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Periodical of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

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The Astrophysical Journal

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Jon Paul Lundquist,1,∗ Lukas Merten,two Serguei Vorobiov,1 Margot Boughelilba,2 Anita Reimer,2 Paol... more Jon Paul Lundquist,1,∗ Lukas Merten,two Serguei Vorobiov,ane Margot Boughelilba,2 Anita Reimer,two Paolo Da Vela,2 Fabrizio Tavecchio,3 Giacomo Bonnoli4 and Chiara Righi3 1Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), Academy of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia 2Institute for Astro and Particle Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Republic of austria 3Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Via Brera 28, 20121 Milano, Italy 4Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Apartado 3004, Eastward-18080 Granada, Spain Electronic mail: jplundquist@gmail.com

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arXiv: Astrophysics of Galaxies , 2009

Extensive simulations of the ultra-high energy catholic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic mag... more All-encompassing simulations of the ultra-high energy catholic ray (UHECR) propagation in the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) have been performed, and the results are presented. The use of unlike available models of the large-scale GMF and/or primary particle assumptions leads to distinctly unlike deflection patterns of the highest energy cosmic rays (CR). The lensing furnishings of the Galactic field change the exposure of an UHECR experiment to the extragalactic sky. To quantify these effects for the Pierre Auger experiment, nosotros performed a correlation assay of the simulated cosmic ray outcome samples, backtracked from the Earth to the Galactic border, with the active galactic nuclei (AGN) from the 12th edition of the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron catalogue. Further forward-tracking studies under plausible UHECR sources scenarios are needed to allow for direct comparison with the observed correlation between the nearby AGN and the highest energy Auger events.

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The Astrophysical Periodical , 2017

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... Ona Wilhelmi, East.; Opitz, B.; Orford, KJ; Ostrowski, Yard.; Panter, M.; Paz Arribas, M.; Pedalett... more than ... Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Opitz, B.; Orford, KJ; Ostrowski, M.; Panter, M.; Paz Arribas, M.; Pedaletti, K.; Pelletier, Chiliad.; Petrucci, P.-O.; Pita, S.; Pühlhofer ... Recently, the release of the Fermi-LAT telescope 11-calendar month catalog has confirmed a brilliant high-free energy (HE) source (1FGL J1018.6-5856 ...

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arXiv: Astrophysics , 2008

This paper presents the highlights from the recent measurements of the free energy spectrum, mass comp... more This paper presents the highlights from the contempo measurements of the energy spectrum, mass composition, and arrival directions of the ultra-loftier energy ($> x^{17}$ eV = 0.1 EeV) cosmic rays (UHECR) past the Pierre Auger Observatory. The Auger hybrid detector combines fluorescence observations of the longitudinal profiles of extended air showers, initiated by these extremely energetic particles, with measures of the shower secondaries at the basis level by its large array of Cherenkov water tanks. The complementariness of the 2 techniques provides important cross-checks at the energies unreachable with accelerator experiments. The Pierre Auger experiment has observed a strong steepening of the cosmic ray flux above 40 EeV. A pregnant anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays has been established for events above $\simeq lx$ EeV. These events correlate over angular scales of less than half dozen$^\circ$ with the directions towards nearby ($D < 100$ Mpc) active galactic n...

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arXiv: Astrophysics , 2006

The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to determine the nature and origin of the ultra-loftier free energy cos... more than The Pierre Auger Observatory aims to determine the nature and origin of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR). The Auger hybrid detector combines fluorescence observations of extended air showers, initiated in the atmosphere by these about energetic particles, with measures of the shower front at the basis level by its big array of Cherenkov h2o tanks. This allows to improve considerably the precision on reconstructed chief catholic ray parameters, and to make of import cross-calibrations between 2 techniques at these energies, unreachable with accelerator experiments. The Southern Auger site in Argentina is close to completion. The starting time measure of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum, the anisotropy search results, and the limit on the photon fraction in the UHECR are discussed.

PaperRank:

Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021) , 2021

We present searches for ultra-high energy (UHE) neutrinos (> 0.1EeV) with the Pierre Auger Obs... more We present searches for ultra-high free energy (UHE) neutrinos (> 0.1EeV) with the Pierre Auger Observatory, following up binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected by the LIGO and Virgo detectors via gravitational waves (GWs). In this work, the then-far published BBH mergers are combined as standard candles with a hypothetical isotropic UHE neutrino luminosity ! (C − C0) equally a function of the time after the corresponding merger, C − C0. The UHE neutrino emission spectrum is causeless to follow a power constabulary distribution ∝ −ii a . Using these assumptions, ! (C − C0) is probed, taking into account the instantaneous effective area of the Pierre Auger Observatory to UHE neutrinos and the 3D heaven localizations of the sources. No UHE neutrino candidates have been found and upper limits on ! (C − C0) are obtained for the hypothetical cases of emissions lasting 24 hours and 60 days after the merger, respectively. The respective upper limit on the total energy per source emitted in UHE neutrinos does no...

PaperRank:

One of the crucial detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory is the fluorescence detector ... more One of the crucial detector systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory is the fluorescence detector composed of 27 large-aperture wide-angle Schmidt telescopes. In the past, these telescopes were absolutely calibrated by illuminating the whole aperture with a uniform large-bore calorie-free source. This absolute calibration was performed roughly once every three years, while a relative scale was performed on a nightly basis. In this contribution, a new technique for an absolute cease-to-finish calibration of the fluorescence telescopes is presented. For this technique, a portable, calibrated light source mounted on a rail system is moved across the discontinuity of each telescope instead of illuminating the whole aperture at one time. A dedicated setup using a combination of NIST traceable photodiodes to measure out the mean intensity and a PMT for pulse-to-pulse stability tracking has been congenital for the absolute calibration of the light source. As a result of these complementary measurements, the pu...

PaperRank:

Fanaroff-Riley (FR) 0 radio galaxies class a low-luminosity extension to the well-established ultr... more Fanaroff-Riley (FR) 0 radio galaxies form a depression-luminosity extension to the well-established ultra-highenergy cosmic-ray (UHECR) candidate accelerators FR-one and FR-2 galaxies. Their much higher number density — up to a factor five times more numerous than FR-1 with z ≤ 0.05 — makes them expert candidate sources for an isotropic contribution to the observed UHECR flux. Here, the acceleration and survival of UHECR in prevailing conditions of the FR-0 environment are discussed. First, an boilerplate spectral free energy distribution (SED) is compiled based on the FR0CAT. These photon fields, equanimous of a jet and a host milky way component, form a minimal target photon field for the UHECR, which volition suffer from electromagnetic pair production, photo-disintegration, photo-meson product losses, and synchrotron radiation. The ii almost promising acceleration scenarios based on Fermi-I order and gradual shear acceleration are discussed too equally unlike escape scenarios. When an efficient accelera...

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Neutrinos in the catholic ray flux with energies well-nigh i EeV and above are detectable with the Surfa... more than Neutrinos in the catholic ray flux with energies near 1 EeV and above are detectable with the Surface Detector array (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory. We report hither on searches through Auger data from i Jan 2004 until 20 June 2013. No neutrino candidates were constitute, yielding a limit to the diffuse flux of ultrahigh free energy neutrinos that challenges the Waxman-Bahcall leap predictions. Neutrino identification is attempted using the broad fourth dimension construction of the signals expected in the SD stations, and is efficiently done for neutrinos of all flavors interacting in the atmosphere at large zenith angles, also as for "Earth-skimming" neutrino interactions in the case of tau neutrinos. In this newspaper the searches for downward-going neutrinos in the zenith angle bins 60°-75°and 75°-ninety°besides as for upward-going neutrinos, are combined to give a single limit. The ninety% C.Fifty. single-flavor limit to the lengthened flux of ultrahigh energy neutrinos with an Due east-ii spectrum in the ene...

PaperRank:

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to d... more The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the information of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the thirty to fourscore MHz government has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electrical field. For the latter, the energy density is adamant from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge backlog emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the principal cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure fifteen.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 ...

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Given its performance time and wide field of view, the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Aug... more Given its operation time and wide field of view, the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sufficiently sensitive to detect upward-going events when used in monocular way. Upward-going air showers are a possible interpretation of the recent events reported past the ANITA Collaboration in the energy range above 1017 eV. The Pierre Auger FD data tin be used to support or constrain this interpretation. If confirmed, information technology would require either new phenomena or meaning modifications to the standard model of particle physics. To prepare this search, a gear up of quality option criteria was defined by using 10% of the available FD data from fourteen years of operation. This subset was mainly used to clean the data from improperly labelled laser events that had been used to monitor the quality of the temper. The potential background for this search consists of cosmic-ray induced air showers with specific geometric configurations which, in a monocular reconstruction, can...

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The Pierre Auger Collaboration... G.B. Barber... J.A. Bellido... R.Due west. Clay... B.R. Dawson... V.C.... more The Pierre Auger Collaboration... Grand.B. Barber... J.A. Bellido... R.W. Clay... B.R. Dawson... V.C. Holmes... J. Sorokin... P. Wahrlich... B.J. Whelan... M.G. Winnick... et al.

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At the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed primarily to report ultra-loftier-energy cosmic rays, pheno... more than At the Pierre Auger Observatory, designed primarily to report ultra-high-energy catholic rays, phenomena related to atmospheric electricity are also observed. Particularly, events take been detected with the surface detector, characterized by long-lasting signals (tens of microseconds) and event footprints much larger (up to 200 km2) than those produced by the highest energy catholic rays. Moreover, some of them announced to be accompanied by smaller events occurring in the same area within about 1ms and probably produced by the aforementioned miracle. A previously reported correlation with the World Broad Lightning Location Network, as well as the observation of very depression-altitude clouds, confirm that such events are related to thunderstorms. An advert-hoc reconstruction points to loftier-energy particles existence produced very shut to the ground, suggesting that they originate from electrons accelerated to relativistic energies in strong electric fields within low clouds, as is the case for terrestrial gam...

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Source: https://independent.academia.edu/SergueiVorobiov

Augur Internet Wide Detection of Connectrivitydisruptions Paper Review

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